This second VNR reflects Somalia’s continued efforts to institutionalise evidence-based policymaking, strengthen national ownership of development processes, and align long-term national aspirations with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The review provides an important opportunity to assess progress achieved since 2022, identify persistent gaps and constraints, share lessons learned and reaffirm the country’s commitment towards accelerating SDG implementation through nationally led priorities, institutional reforms, and strategic partnerships.
Since the submission of the first VNR in 2022, Somalia has also recorded important macroeconomic, institutional and governance milestones that have strengthened the country’s development prospects and reform momentum. Most notably, Somalia achieved the Completion Point under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative in December 2023, securing approximately US$4.5 billion in debt relief and substantially reducing the country’s external debt burden from approximately 64 per cent of GDP in 2018 to below 6 per cent by the end of 20235 . This historic milestone significantly improved Somalia’s fiscal sustainability restored international financial credibility, enhanced investor confidence and expanded opportunities for development financing and economic reform.
The annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) statistics are key indicators of Somalia’s economy and its growth in recent years, providing estimates of expenditure levels and growth across the economy. Much effort has been made to secure new sources of data and improve the quality of data from existing sources. The estimates presented in this report were compiled as far as possible in accordance with the System of National Accounts, 2025 (2025 SNA).
The base year for Somalia’s National Accounts is 2022, largely based on consumption benchmarks derived from the 2022 Somalia Integrated Household Budget Survey. The National Accounts estimate in this report summarizes the latest economic developments and presents time series data from 2019 to 2025.
GDP Current Prices
Somalia’s economy continued to grow in 2025, with GDP at purchasers’ prices increasing from US$12.3 billion in 2024 to US$13.2 billion. Growth was supported by higher household consumption, government expenditure, and investment in fixed assets. Exports of goods and services also increased, contributing to overall economic activity. GDP per capita rose from US$761 to US$793, while GNI and GNDI reached US$13.5 billion and US$17.3 billion, respectively.
wdt_ID
Expenditure items
2019
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
1
Household final consumption
10,558
10,827
11,539
12,683
14,116
15,210
16,307
2
Government final consumption
597
672
763
857
890
1,051
1,162
3
Gross fixed capital formation
1,392
1,381
1,705
2,413
2,576
2,678
2,960
4
Exports of goods and services
1,131
1,178
1,532
1,804
1,984
2,532
2,689
5
of which: livestock
406
402
523
558
861
951
923
6
Minus: Imports of goods and services
4,954
5,353
5,969
7,456
8,249
9,124
9,884
7
GDP at purchasers' prices
8,723
8,705
9,570
10,301
11,317
12,348
13,234
8
GDP per capita, US Dollars
617
599
640
671
717
761
793
9
Gross national expenditure
12,547
12,880
14,007
15,952
17,582
18,939
20,430
10
Gross national income
8,931
8,874
9,724
10,416
11,232
12,632
13,462
GDP Shares
Household final consumption remained the largest component of GDP by expenditure, accounting for over 123 percent of GDP in 2025. Gross fixed capital formation and exports represented 22.4 percent and 20.3 percent of GDP, respectively, reflecting continued investment and export activity. Imports amounted to 74.7 percent of GDP, while government final consumption accounted for 8.8 percent.
wdt_ID
Expenditure items
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
1
Household final consumption
121
124
121
123
125
123
123
2
Government final consumption
7
8
8
8
8
9
9
3
Gross fixed capital formation
16
16
18
23
23
22
22
4
Exports of goods and services
13
14
16
18
18
21
20
5
of which: livestock
5
5
6
5
8
8
7
6
Minus: Imports of goods and services
57
62
62
72
73
74
75
7
GDP at purchasers' prices
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
GDP Growth Rate
Real GDP growth was estimated at 3.1 percent in 2025, following growth of 4.0 percent in 2024. Economic growth was supported by increases in household consumption, government expenditure, and gross fixed capital formation. Export growth moderated in 2025, while investment and domestic demand continued to contribute positively to economic activity.
wdt_ID
Expenditure items
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
1
Household final consumption
0.7
-0.7
2.4
4.7
4.7
3.9
3.3
2
Government final consumption
4.4
11.3
12.4
11.9
2.8
16.0
9.2
3
Gross fixed capital formation
11.6
0.1
4.8
31.5
14.2
1.7
5.8
4
Exports of goods and services
-3.9
1.8
17.0
13.7
13.4
15.2
0.7
5
of which: livestock
26.9
-1.5
3.6
6.8
83.2
-10.3
-10.3
6
Minus: Imports of goods and services
-0.6
4.9
5.8
18.8
10.4
7.1
4.3
7
GDP at purchasers' prices
2.8
-2.7
3.5
2.8
4.2
4.0
3.1
GDP Real
Somalia’s GDP increased from US$11.2 billion in 2024 to US$11.5 billion in 2025, reflecting continued growth in real economic activity. Growth was supported by increases in household consumption, government expenditure, investment, and exports of goods and services. Gross national expenditure also rose to US$18.3 billion in 2025, indicating sustained domestic demand and economic expansion.
This Child Poverty Analysis Report applies the Multidimensional Overlapping Deprivation Analysis (MODA) framework to assess the extent and characteristics of child poverty in Somalia, drawing on data from the 2022 Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS). The analysis covers all children aged 0–17 years and is disaggregated by age group (0–4 and 5–17), sex, residence, and region to highlight disparities and inform targeted, child focused policymaking. Six dimensions of deprivation are examined education, water, sanitation, housing, information, and nutrition while the health and protection dimensions were excluded due to data limitations. A child is considered multidimensionally deprived when experiencing multiple deprivations simultaneously, with particular attention to three way overlaps that show how key deprivations intersect.
Somalia Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment2026
The completion of this Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Assessment (CFSVA) marks a significant step in strengthening Somalia’s nationally led evidence base for food security policy, planning.This report comes at a critical time. Climate shocks, conflict, displacement, and economic vulnerability continue to affect millions of Somali households.
The findings provide timely evidence to guide humanitarian response, social protection, resilience programming, and national development planning under the National Transformation Plan 2025–2029. The Somalia National Bureau of Statistics remains committed to producing credible, timely, and policy-relevant statistics that leave no Somali behind. This report demonstrates what government institutions, Federal Member States, technical agencies, development partners, and dedicated professionals can achieve together.
The Somalia Consumer Price Index (CPI).Over the twelve months to March 2026, the CPI rose 7.8%. The most significant price rises over the twelve months were Restaurants and Accommodation Services (+20.9%): Restaurant Services (+14.3%).
There were no negative movements during March 2026. State-level increases (highest to lowest): South-West State (+9.3%, Banadir (+8.9%), Galmudug (+8.8%), Jubaland (+7.3%), Puntland (+6.5%), Hirshabelle (+6.1%).
The Somalia Consumer Price Index (CPI).Over the twelve months to May 2026, the CPI rose 8.4%. The most significant price rises over the twelve months were restaurants and Accommodation Services (+23.4%): Restaurant Services (+28.7%).
There were no negative movements during May 2026. State-level increases (highest to lowest), Galmudug (+17.7%), Puntland (+9.3%), Banadir (+7.7%), Jubaland (+7.7%), Hirshabelle (+6.3%), South-West State (+6.1%)
The Somalia Consumer Price Index (CPI).Over the twelve months to February 2026, the CPI rose 5.7%.The most significant price rises over the twelve months were Education Services (+14.9%), Restaurant and Accommodation services (+12.8%), Health (+12,.2%)and Food and Non- Alcoholic Beverages (+7.8%).
Price increases were strong for the month of February across the states with Galmudug (+7.9%), South-West State (+7.0%), Banadir (+6.0%), Hirshabelle (+5.5%), Jubaland (+5.2%) and Puntland (+2.9%).
The Somalia Consumer Price Index (CPI).Over the twelve months to January 2026, the CPI rose 5.5%. The most significant price rises over the twelve months were Education Services (+14.3%), Restaurant and Accommodation services (+10.0%) , Health (+9.4%), and Food and Non- Alcoholic Beverages (+7.7%)
Price increases were strong for the month of January across the states with South-West State (+7.3%), Galmudug (+6.8%), Hirshabelle (+5.4%), Banaadir (+5.3%), Jubaland (+4.3%), and Puntland (+2.7%).
The Somalia Consumer Price Index (CPI). Over the twelve months to April 2026, the CPI rose 8.1%. The most significant price rises over the twelve months were Health (+14.5%): Inpatient Care Services (+18.5%) and Medicine and Health Services (+14.9%).
There were no negative movements during April 2026. State-level increases (highest to lowest): Galmudug (+9.9%), South-West State (+9.1%), Puntland (+8.1%) (up from +6.5% in March), Banadir (+7.5%), Jubaland (+6.6%), Hirshabelle (+6.1%)
Migration and displacement continue to shape Somalia’s demographic, social, and economic landscape. As a country of origin, transit, and destination, Somaliaexperiences complex mobility patterns driven by humanitarian, economic, and environmental factors. Reliable migration statistics are therefore essential to support evidence-based policymaking, effective governance, and national development planning.
The Migration Statistics Report 2025 represents the second edition of Somalia’s national migration statistics report. It provides updated analysis of key migration trends from 2020 to 2024, covering refugees, asylum seekers, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), international labor migrants, cross-border mobility, and remittances. The report is primarily based on administrative data compiled from relevant Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs).
